Grammar · English Grammar
English Grammar
92 topics from A1.1 to B2.2 following the Cambridge / English Profile grammar inventory progression, each with a clear explanation in Indonesian, English examples, and interactive exercises. The topic pages themselves are written in Indonesian — that is the language the course is taught in. Just starting? Begin with the first A1.1 topic: the verb be.
A1.1 — Beginner I · The Right Start
See all A1.1 topics → 1. The Verb Be am, is, are — kata kerja terpenting pertamamu, lengkap dengan bentuk singkat, negatif, dan pertanyaan. 2. Pronouns & Possessives I, you, he, she — dan my, your, his, her. Ingat: dia dalam bahasa Indonesia tidak membedakan laki-laki dan perempuan. 3. Present Simple: Routines Rutinitas dan fakta: I work, she works — jangan lupakan -s untuk orang ketiga. 4. This, That, These, Those Menunjuk benda dekat dan jauh, tunggal dan jamak. 5. Articles: a / an / the (Basics) Bahasa Indonesia tidak punya artikel — di sini sistemnya dimulai pelan-pelan. 6. Plurals, Countable & Uncountable one cup, two cups — dan kata yang tidak bisa dihitung seperti water. 7. There Is / There Are Menyatakan ada: There is a towel in the bathroom. 8. Can / Can't Kemampuan dan tawaran sopan: I can help you. 9. In, On, At: Place & Time di dalam, di atas, pada — pilihan yang tidak sama dengan di/ke/dari. 10. Present Continuous: Now Yang sedang terjadi saat ini juga: She is cleaning room 204. 11. Imperatives & I'd Like Perintah sopan dan cara meminta: Please sit down. I’d like a coffee. 12. Going To: Plans Rencana yang sudah diputuskan: I am going to work tonight.
A1.2 — Beginner II · Completing A1
See all A1.2 topics → 1. Past Simple of Be was dan were — keadaan di masa lalu. 2. Past Simple: First Verbs worked, went, saw — kata kerja lampau pertamamu, teratur dan tidak teratur. 3. Present Continuous: Details Ejaan -ing dan pertanyaan: What are you doing? 4. Comparatives (Basics) bigger, faster — membandingkan dua hal. 5. Superlatives (Basics) the biggest, the best — yang paling. 6. How Much / How Many Bertanya jumlah untuk benda yang bisa dan tidak bisa dihitung. 7. Articles with Countable & Uncountable Nouns a coffee vs coffee, the menu vs menus — artikel mengikuti hitungan kata benda. 8. Verb + -ing: Like, Love, Hate I like swimming, she hates waiting. 9. Present Simple Questions Do you work here? Does he speak English? — jangan tinggalkan do/does. 10. Adverbs of Frequency always, usually, sometimes, never — dan posisinya di kalimat. 11. Object Pronouns me, you, him, her, us, them — kata ganti sebagai objek. 12. Past Time Expressions yesterday, last week, two days ago — penanda waktu lampau.
A2.1 — Elementary I · Routine Tasks, Direct Language
See all A2.1 topics → 1. Past Simple: Full System Seluruh pola lampau, termasuk pertanyaan dan negatif dengan did. 2. Past Continuous Yang sedang berlangsung saat kejadian lain memotong: I was showering when… 3. Present Perfect (Intro) have/has + participle: I have finished. Pengantar dulu, rincinya di B1. 4. Will & Going To Futures Keputusan spontan dengan will, rencana dengan going to. 5. Present Continuous for Future Jadwal yang sudah pasti: We are leaving at six. 6. Comparatives with Than + The more interesting than…, dan artikel the yang ikut berubah perannya. 7. Much, Many, Too Much, Enough Jumlah yang pas, berlebihan, dan kurang. 8. Have To & Should Kewajiban dan saran: You have to wear a uniform. You should rest. 9. Gerunds (Intro) Kata kerja sebagai kata benda: Swimming is fun. 10. Possessive ’s the guest’s key, the manager’s office. 11. Prepositions of Movement to, into, out of, across, through — preposisi gerak. 12. Common Phrasal Verbs check in, check out, wake up — kata kerja + partikel sebagai satu kesatuan.
A2.2 — Elementary II · Completing A2
See all A2.2 topics → 1. Zero & First Conditional If it rains, we stay inside. If you call, I will come. 2. Wh- Questions in the Past What did you do? Where were you? — pertanyaan lampau lengkap. 3. Verb + -ing / Infinitive Patterns enjoy doing vs want to do — pola mengikuti kata kerjanya. 4. The Article System Penyebutan pertama vs kedua, umum vs spesifik, dan artikel nol. 5. Past Continuous vs Past Simple Dua kala lampau dalam satu cerita. 6. Present Perfect: Experiences Have you ever…? — pengalaman tanpa waktu yang disebut. 7. Polite Modals: Could & Would Permintaan halus: Could you repeat that, please? 8. Phrasal Verbs at Work deal with, look after, put off — phrasal verb dunia layanan. 9. Comparative Structures much better, a bit cheaper, as good as… 10. Some, Any & Compounds something, anyone, nowhere — dan kapan memakai any. 11. Reflexive Pronouns myself, yourself, himself — untuk tindakan ke diri sendiri. 12. Linking Words: First, Then, Because, But Penghubung dasar agar kalimatmu tidak berdiri sendiri-sendiri.
B1.1 — Intermediate I · Independent in Familiar Situations
See all B1.1 topics → 1. Present Perfect vs Past Simple Perbedaan paling menentukan di B1: selesai dengan waktu vs terhubung ke kini. 2. Present Perfect Continuous I have been waiting for an hour — proses yang masih berjalan. 3. Past Perfect (Intro) Yang terjadi sebelum kejadian lampau lain: When I arrived, the guest had left. 4. The Passive: Simple Forms The room is cleaned every day. — pelaku tidak penting atau tidak diketahui. 5. Defining Relative Clauses the man who called, the key that opens… 6. Second Conditional Andai: If I had more time, I would travel. 7. Modals of Deduction (Intro) must be, can’t be, might be — menyimpulkan dari bukti. 8. Too, Enough & Intensifiers too hot, hot enough, very, really, quite. 9. Future Continuous (Intro) This time tomorrow I will be flying. 10. Question Tags (Intro) You work here, don’t you? — ekor pertanyaan penegas. 11. Extended Phrasal Verbs I Keluarga phrasal verb yang lebih luas dan aturan pemisahannya. 12. Reported Speech (Intro) He said (that) he was tired. — pengantar ucapan tidak langsung.
B1.2 — Intermediate II · Completing B1
See all B1.2 topics → 1. Reported Speech: Range of Tenses Melaporkan ucapan dengan pergeseran kala yang benar. 2. The Passive: All Common Tenses Pasif di semua kala umum, selangkah demi selangkah. 3. Third Conditional Andai masa lalu: If you had booked earlier, you would have saved money. 4. Should Have / Might Have Penyesalan dan kemungkinan lampau: You should have told me. 5. Complex Question Tags Tag untuk kalimat kompleks dan nada sopan. 6. Past Perfect: Full Use Urutan kejadian lampau yang rapi dalam narasi. 7. Future Forms: System Review will, going to, present continuous, future continuous — satu sistem. 8. Relative Clauses: Whose, Where, Prepositions the hotel where…, the woman whose bag… 9. Deduction About the Past must have been, can’t have been, might have left. 10. Extended Phrasal Verbs II Phrasal verb tiga kata: look forward to, get on with. 11. Gerund vs Infinitive: Meaning Changes stop doing vs stop to do — beda maknanya nyata. 12. Wish + Past Simple (Intro) I wish I knew. — keinginan tentang keadaan kini.
B2.1 — Upper-Intermediate I · Clear Arguments
See all B2.1 topics → 1. Mixed Conditionals If you had saved, you would be rich now — campuran waktu. 2. Alternatives to If unless, provided that, as long as, dan inversi formal. 3. Wish / If Only / It’s Time Unreal past lengkap untuk penyesalan dan desakan. 4. Passive with Reporting Verbs It is said that… He is believed to… — pasif khas berita dan laporan. 5. Have Something Done I had my hair cut. — menyuruh/melalui pihak lain. 6. Passive with Two Objects She was given a room. — dua objek, dua pasif. 7. Speculation & Deduction Systems Sistem lengkap menyimpulkan: pasti, mungkin, tidak mungkin. 8. Complex Gerund / Infinitive Patterns Pola lanjutan termasuk pasif gerund dan infinitive sempurna. 9. Verb + Object + Infinitive / Gerund I want you to wait. I caught him smoking. 10. The Narrative Tense System Mengatur semua kala lampau secara akurat dalam teks panjang.
B2.2 — Upper-Intermediate II · Completing B2
See all B2.2 topics → 1. Inversion for Emphasis (Intro) Never have I seen… — pengantar inversi penegas khas B2 akhir. 2. Advanced Linking & Cohesion Penghubung argumen: however, moreover, nevertheless, on balance. 3. Participle Clauses (Intro) Walking to work, she… — memadatkan kalimat dengan partisip. 4. Ellipsis & Substitution Menghilangkan dan mengganti tanpa mengulang: I think so. 5. Hedging & Stance Bahasa hati-hati: tends to, appears to, arguably. 6. Register-Sensitive Grammar Memilih struktur formal atau informal untuk situasi yang sama. 7. Complex Noun Phrases Frasa benda padat khas teks profesional dan akademik. 8. Future Perfect By June, I will have saved enough. 9. The Modal Perfect System must/should/could/might have — satu sistem utuh. 10. Review & Integration Mengikat seluruh sistem B2 dalam debat, presentasi, dan tulisan.